Tuesday, June 22, 2021

Viruses, Pandemic and Vaccines


 Viruses live in a twilight zone, somewhere between life


 And its ingredients.


With a potential


Their growth is exponential


Are viruses alive? 


Are viruses the fourth domain of life?


Where do viruses fit on this “tree” of life?



Residing in separate domain of life


However, viruses can infect all other forms of life


Virus genes are everywhere, merged into the genomes of all organisms

With with correct mechanisms


Viruses cannot generate their own energy


They can put host in jeopardy 


 They cannot grow or propagate


They evolve and mutate



Depending on cells they have the key to infect


As they detect


To survive use their mechanism


Have power to bring cataclysm



Teetering on the boundaries of what is considered life


Containing  the key elements that make up all living organisms: the nucleic acids, DNA or RNA


What defines life?


Viruses face constant pressure from immune systems, 


With multiple tactics resist them

 To block their entrance


The trusted troops disarm and kill them when they manage to get In and stop them to enhance




Transmission from host to host is such a basic need


Deepest deathless need


 For infectious agents that some take it a step further.


To increase their number



Contemplating the origins of life fascinate

Studies to understand how life originated




 Understanding the evolutionary history of viruses Confusing fateViruses may shed light

 Wise men at their end know studying them  is right


Viruslike elements spurred several of the most important stages in the emergence of life:

The evolution of DNA, the formation of the first cells, 

and life's split into three domains


No clear explanation for the origin of viruses exist


 Viruses may have arisen from mobile genetic elements


 Gaining the ability to move between cells. 


Hence adapted a parasitic replication strategy. 


 Twisted into a tragedy


Viruses existed before, and led to the evolution of, cellular life. 


Continuing studies may provide clearer answers. 


Or future studies may reveal that the answer 


Is even murkier than it now appears.



Wuhan Institute of Virology was upgraded to the National Highest Biosafety Laboratory 


Lab was involved in the research of coronaviruses 


  The causative agents of the severe acute respiratory syndrome: SARS outbreak 


So be wise of the on your take




South China University pointed out that the intermediate host 


Enhancing at most



 The horseshoe bat was not available in the wet market 


And did not live in the Wuhan territory


The only place the bats existed in the locality was the research facility


Which is just about 100 yards from the Wuhan wet market. 


The horseshoe bats are found only in Yunnan district. 



However, they are neither consumed as food in the city, nor are they ever traded in the market. 



Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention located 280 m from the market, 


The extraction and sequencing of the DNA and RNA from caged animals could have been a potential source of the pathogen. 


The world was to see death of many people due to the antigen




 

Points out the genetic diversity of the viruses in bats, 

Connecting the dots you can get the fact


Highlighting the possibility 


Of infecting the humans.


As the pools of CoVs in bats were limited, 


Likelihood of a future emergence of this viral outbreak was never anticipated



Chimeric virus containing the SHC014 spike in a SARS-CoV backbone causes robust infections in both human airway cultures and mice


Think twice!

A warning was issued that the starting materials required 


SARS-like emergent strains were already going around 


In animal reservoirs.



 A research team in China that spent 5 years in the Shitou caves of Yunnan 


Sampling from the bats issued a similar warning and raised alerts for a potential disease outbreak 


Causing lots of heartache 



By December 2019, the first cluster of cases of infection with a novel CoV was reported in China.



The origins of the epidemic were investigated. 


The WIV published reports stating that s new strain of CoV had bats as the “probable” source estimated



All the studies of Shi Zheng Li, the lead WIV virologist 


On bat-related CoVs were centered in Yunnan.


 However, the outbreak occurred in Wuhan, 


Which is almost 900 km from Yunnan



 Samples of  infected patients  compared with those from the bats, 


 None of them matched



If not from bats, where did this novel strain of CoV come from?



 The Government of China conducted an investigation 


Reported a wildlife market, 10 miles away from the virology institution


 as the epicenter. 



The theory of lab origin gains credibility


From unrelated, but nevertheless solid and tangible facts seemingly



South China University pointed out


 Intermediate host, the horseshoe bat


 Not available in the wet market 


 Not living in the Wuhan district.



The only place the bats existed in the locality 


Existing in the research facility, 


 Just about 100 yards from the Wuhan wet market.



 In the Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention located 280 m from the market




 The extraction and sequencing of the DNA and RNA


 From caged animals could have been a potential source 


Human mind is very coarse



This center is also adjacent to the Union Hospital, where the first groups of doctors were infected during this epidemic. 



Retracted novel CoV similar to the genetic sequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Ebola.


A stunning cocktail like Coca cola



Unlikely for a virus to have acquired such unique insertion


Naturally in a short duration.



 These artificially engineered modification 


Were thought to increase the range of host cells 


So it can infect and put the world in frustration


Now the virus in the stormy world dwells



Variation is intimately linked to their disease-causing potential. 


We've got everything essential.



Paramount to the understanding of RNA viruses is the concept of quasispecies


This is nothing sham nothing quasi



Viral quasispecies is a population structure of viruses


 With a large number of variant genomes. 


Can sink humanity in their venom 



Quasispecies result from high mutation probability 


as mutants arise continually 


 Changing in relative frequency as viral replication and selection production.



First developed to describe the early replicons


Replicating from single origin of replication 



Components of a primitive RNA world


 devoid of DNA or proteins


By all means 



Viral RNA load correlates with high levels of viral replication


 Patients who developed late respiratory breakdown despite disappearance of nasopharyngeal viral RNA


False representation leads to damnation



Whether viral RNA load in lung tissue, 


Or a surrogate sample such as tracheal aspirate, mirrors the decline in nasopharyngeal shedding.



 Nevertheless, severe manifestations might be immunologically negotiated 


Has obvious implications for the potential to use immune-modulatory therapies for this subset of patients. 



This finding is consistent with recent reports 


Of course, of course


 Corticosteroids were beneficial for acute respiratory distress syndrome, and possibly those with COVID-19. 




Why did I get Covid 19 despite voluntary isolation?


Ignorance prevails


“Ignoring isn't ignorance,


 Ignorance requires guts, boldness



Experts have also strongly suggested


 Solely relying on testing as a safeguard 


You can not expect to be a lifeguard



 People making ‘lax’ and taking other safety measures


For thoughtless pleasures, taking delight in certain measures



Taking  mask-wearing and social distancing lightly


 Pass on infections to others harshly



 Tests are a preventive measure and only effective


 As long as you put in place other security measures



Blood tests at times are a good marker of inflammation


If out of fear and frustration


With knowledge of immunosuppression


Asks me to fall apart I lost heart


In desperate aloneness


The mask lifted


Out came hollowness




She's just a social climber


 Spine-chiller


Worrying about death of spouse

Woman working in slaughterhouse


Who came to care for my mother


Who is my caregiver


Told me die now,


From close proximity



"Holy cow!"


I could see the conspiracy,



The human tyranny,


My contemplations are of Time


 Pieces of coin can change 


Make violent and strange



 Pandemics has been the mainstay of global public health for the last one hundred years. 

We must do better than just respond to pandemics by scrambling for vaccines, developing drugs, and modifying behaviors. 

This traditional approach has proved a failure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which nearly thirty years after its discovery continues to spread, infecting  millions of people.



We still understand surprisingly little about pandemics and the microbes that cause them.

 We know even less about how to predict or prevent pandemics 

This simply reflects either ignorance about pandemics 

And mindset doesn't discern epidemics 


Before they spread from small towns to cities and the rest of the world. 

Death breaks loose

Consuming  half a world.

Pandemics will increase in frequency in the coming years as the connections between human populations and the animals in our world continue to grow.

Death, despair, entanglements of mankind quickly grow,


Deadliness of H5N1 and the potential to spread like H1N1, a resurge

The deadliness new retrovirus like HIV, 

Most frighteningly, a completely novel microbe that blindsides us, 

Microbial threats will grow in the coming years

 In their ability to plague us,

 kill people, 

Destroy regional economies

 Threaten humanity

 In  ways more severe than the worst imaginable volcanoes, hurricanes, or earthquakes.



What is a pandemic?

 Defining them creates some trouble.

 The word itself comes from the Greek pan, meaning “all,” and demos, meaning “people.”

 Yet, in reality, it is almost impossible 

Imagining an infectious agent that infects the entire human population.

In humans or any hosts, different individuals will have different genetic susceptibility,

  A few individuals will likely be incapable of sustaining an infection because of some kind of genetic immunity.

 Also, the simple logistics of spreading to every single individual in any population makes such a feat nearly impossible.



In attempt  to reduce the pathogenicity of other human and animal viruses 

 Inoculating them into foreign species. 

Although we now look  back with some disdain


 Crudeness of early immunization experiments 


The  1938 injections of poliovirus, grown in  mouse brains, Into humans, most people, including scientists, are  unaware that we still use primary monkey kidney cells to produce  live poliovirus vaccines.


 Likewise, dog and duck kidney cells  were used to make licensed rubella vaccines. 


Experimental  vaccines, grown in animal tissues and intended for human use,  were commonly tested in African monkeys, 

 Many of these monkeys were released back into the wild.

It's shuddering, too much of a funk to fight


 Undoubtedly, many cross-species transfer of viruses  have occurred in the process.


What makes vaccines so troublesome is that their production and administration 

Allows viral contamination

 To breach the two  natural barriers 

 Often restrict cross-species infections:  

First is the skin.

Second is the unique and natural viral surface Characteristics that  reduce the chance that viruses might jump species


 The mixing of  vaccine viruses with others found in the cells and tissues used to  develop the vaccine can potentially lead to the development of  new recombinant mutants

 That are more adaptive and have wider  host range than either of the original viruses


A new infective microorganism which could differ in certain  important aspects from any known disease-causing organisms.

  Most important of these is that it might be unruly to the immunological and therapeutic processes 


Upon which we depend  to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease.    


Many believe  such research should not be undertaken lest it lead to yet another  method of massive killing of large populations.


In a word, the intentional release of an infectious particle, be it a  virus or bacterium, from the confines of the laboratory or of  medical practice must be condemned as an irresponsible threat  against the whole human community.


 Books and websites consulted

  • EMERGING VIRUSES: AIDS &  EBOLA  Nature, Accident or Intentional?    Tetrahedron, Inc. 1996.    Leonard G. Horowitz, D.M.D., M.A., M.P.H.  Foreward by W. John Martin, M.D., Ph.D. 

  • THE GREAT INFLUENZA

The Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague in History

JOHN M. BARRY

Viking

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